新测试→ASTM D4169包装测试简介

ASTM is the abbreviation for the American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D4169 is the packaging test standard number issued by the ASTM standards organization in the United States. The standard name is "Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems."

The purpose of conducting ASTM D4169 testing is multifaceted. Firstly, it aims to assess the overall performance of products during packaging and transportation, including protection effectiveness, sealing, and impact resistance. Secondly, this testing can reveal potential problems during transportation, such as the selection of packaging materials and the design of packing methods. This provides a basis for companies to improve packaging design and transportation plans, thereby enhancing product reliability and customer satisfaction.

Before conducting ASTM D4169 packaging testing, the following information should be understood:

















一、Test Intensity Levels for Transport Packaging

   

The ASTM D4169 testing standard defines test intensity levels for transport packaging and categorizes them into three assurance levels. These assurance levels are based on the likelihood of risks occurring during the circulation of transport packaging. Before testing begins, factors such as the product’s value, acceptable damage level, quantity of goods, and understanding of the transport environment should be comprehensively considered to determine the assurance level for each test item.

Based on test intensity and the probability of risk occurrence, the assurance levels are divided into Level I, Level II, and Level III. Level I corresponds to the highest test intensity, Level III to the lowest, and Level II is moderate.

ASTM D4169 sets specific test conditions under each assurance level for every test item. For example, in the table below, the drop height for the free-fall test under handling and loading test item A is specified according to the assurance levels:


Transport Packaging Weight

Pounds (Kilograms)


Packaging Drop Height under Different Assurance Levels, Inches（mm）

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0-20（0-9.1）

24(610)

15(381)

9(229)

20-40

（9.1-18.1）

21(533)

13(330)

8(203)

40-60

（18.1-27.2）

18(457)

12(305)

7(178)

60-80

（27.2-36.3）

15(381)

10(254)

6(152)

80-100

(36.3-45.4)

12(305)

9(229)

5(127)

100-200

(45.4-90.7)

10(254)

7(178)

4(102)































二When selecting tests, ASTM D4169 establishes a general procedure for transport packaging performance testing based on the following factors:

   

Therefore, we need to understand in advance:

  1. Relevant characteristics of the transport packaging (e.g., size, weight, structure, handling methods during transportation such as manual or mechanical).

  2. Clearly define the assurance level for each test item.

  3. Establish acceptable criteria for the test.

  4. Select from the table the delivery cycle that most closely matches the expected distribution method.

Test Items

Hazard Factors

Test Trials

A

Handling (Manual, Mechanical)

Drop test, impact test, stability


B

Storage stacking

Pressure test

C

Vehicle stacking

Pressure test

D

Stacking vibration

Random vibration

E

Vehicle vibration

Random vibration

F

Loose vibration

Fixed displacement vibration

G

Train derailment

Longitudinal impact test

H

Environmental factors

Temperature and humidity test

I

Low pressure

Low pressure vacuum test

J

Concentrated impact

Impact collision test































三、ASTM D4169 develops corresponding test protocols based on the delivery cycle of transportation packages.

配送周期DC（Distribution Cycle），广义上可理解为运输包装件从生产完成到消费者使用的整个过程中可能经历的全部流通环境，在ASTM D4169中依次列出了各配送周期用到试验项目的测试清单，见表（也可根据需要增加其他试验项目）。

DC序号

配送周期

测试方案（依次逐一执行各测试项目）

第一

第二

第三

第四

第五

第六

第七

1

通用周期

A

D

F

G

J

A


2

用户自定义配送系统

从项目A到I中选择

3

无托盘或卡板的单个包装，LTL运输

A

D或C+E

F

J

A



4

有托盘或卡板的单个包装，LTL运输

A

D或C+E

F

J

A



5

汽车货运（TL）满载，散装

A

D

E

J

A



6

汽车货运、满载或零担运输，成组装载

A

D或C+E

J

A

B



7

列车运输、散装

A

D

G

A




8

列车运输、成组装载

A

D

G

A

B



9

汽车列车联运，散装

A

C

E

G

F

J

A

10

汽车列车联运，成组装载

A

D

G

J

A

B


11

列车、平板载运拖车、平板车载集装箱

A

G

D

F

A



12

空运（城际)及汽运(当地)，>68.1公斤，或成组运输

A

D

I

E

J

A


13

空运(城际)、汽车货运(当地、单包装≤68.1kg

A

C

F

I

E

J

A

14

仓库存放

A

B






15

国际多式联运集装箱或驶进驶出拖车运输

A

C

A





16

带托盘，进出口船运

A

C

A





17

进出口散装船运

A

C

A





18

遵循MIL-STP-2073-1进行的政府非营利性运输






















业而言，不断优化产品包装和运输方案，提高产品质量和客户满意度，才能在市场竞争中立于不败之地。


    以上就是ASTM D4169测试包装测试简单的介绍。如您还有其他问题，欢迎来电咨询。


















一、Test Intensity Levels of Transport Packaging Units

     The ASTM D4169 testing standard establishes test intensity levels for transport packaging units and divides these intensity levels into three assurance levels. Assurance levels are test intensity grades adopted based on the likelihood of certain risks occurring during the circulation process of the transport packaging. Before testing begins, factors such as the product value, expected acceptable damage level, quantity of goods, and understanding of the transport environment should be comprehensively considered to determine the assurance level for each test item. According to test intensity and risk occurrence probability, the assurance levels are classified into Levels I, II, and III. Level I has the highest test intensity, Level III the lowest, and Level II is moderate. ASTM D4169 sets different test conditions under each assurance level for every test item. For example, in the table below, for Test Item A (Handling and Loading/Unloading), the free-fall test drop height is specified as follows:

运输包装件重量

磅（公斤）

不同保证水平下的包装跌落高度，英寸（mm）

Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

0-20（0-9.1）

24(610)

15(381)

9(229)

20-40

（9.1-18.1）

21(533)

13(330)

8(203)

40-60

（18.1-27.2）

18(457)

12(305)

7(178)

60-80

（27.2-36.3）

15(381)

10(254)

6(152)

80-100

(36.3-45.4)

12(305)

9(229)

5(127)

100-200

(45.4-90.7)

10(254)

7(178)

4(102)































二、When selecting tests, ASTM D4169 establishes a general procedure for transport packaging performance testing based on the following factors.

   

Therefore, we need to understand in advance:

(1) The relevant characteristics of the transport packaging units (e.g., size, weight, structural form, handling methods during transportation (manual or mechanical), etc.).

(2) Clarify the assurance level of the test items.

(3) Establish acceptable standards for the test trials.

(4) Select from the table the delivery cycle that is closest to the expected distribution method.


测试项目

危害因素

测试试验

A

装卸（人工、机械）

跌落试验、冲击试验、稳定性

B

仓储堆码

压力试验

C

车辆堆码

压力试验

D

堆码振动

随机振动

E

车辆振动

随机振动

F

松散振动

固定位移振动

G

列车转轨

纵向冲击试验

H

环境因素

温湿度试验

I

低气压

低气压真空试验

J

集中冲击

冲击碰撞试验































三、ASTM D4169 develops corresponding test plans based on the distribution cycle of transport packaging units.

The Distribution Cycle (DC) broadly refers to the entire circulation environment that transport packaging units may experience from the completion of production to consumer use. ASTM D4169 sequentially lists the test item checklist used for each distribution cycle, as shown in the table (additional test items can also be added as needed).

DC序号

配送周期

测试方案（依次逐一执行各测试项目）

第一

第二

第三

第四

第五

第六

第七

1

通用周期

A

D

F

G

J

A


2

用户自定义配送系统

从项目A到I中选择

3

无托盘或卡板的单个包装，LTL运输

A

D或C+E

F

J

A



4

有托盘或卡板的单个包装，LTL运输

A

D或C+E

F

J

A



5

汽车货运（TL）满载，散装

A

D

E

J

A



6

汽车货运、满载或零担运输，成组装载

A

D或C+E

J

A

B



7

列车运输、散装

A

D

G

A




8

列车运输、成组装载

A

D

G

A

B



9

汽车列车联运，散装

A

C

E

G

F

J

A

10

汽车列车联运，成组装载

A

D

G

J

A

B


11

列车、平板载运拖车、平板车载集装箱

A

G

D

F

A



12

空运（城际)及汽运(当地)，>68.1公斤，或成组运输

A

D

I

E

J

A


13

空运(城际)、汽车货运(当地、单包装≤68.1kg

A

C

F

I

E

J

A

14

仓库存放

A

B






15

国际多式联运集装箱或驶进驶出拖车运输

A

C

A





16

带托盘，进出口船运

A

C

A





17

进出口散装船运

A

C

A





18

遵循MIL-STP-2073-1进行的政府非营利性运输






















业而言，不断优化产品包装和运输方案，提高产品质量和客户满意度，才能在市场竞争中立于不败之地。


The above is a brief introduction to ASTM D4169 packaging tests. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us.